Metrics Free Essays

The consistent development in the administrations business, especially in inn and café the executives, had brought supervisors and entrepreneurs whose strength is offering support situated fields to procure functional and profundity understanding about the business. Predominantly in the business, giving solid and client agreeable administrations, is of high worry to give the two clients and associations desires commonly. What's more, despite everything developing, further refined specialized management must be rehearsed to exceed expectations and increase in the opposition. We will compose a custom exposition test on Measurements or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Advancement is the key concentration to exceed expectations in the business. Using administration the executives for legitimate taking care of and conveyance of administrations is the angle which the administrations business must set a need in their territories of worry for advancement and company’s development †remembering enterprises for social insurance, food providers, makers and providers, the travel industry and budgetary administrations. Associations must set the distinction between the possibility of consumer loyalty and administration of value rendered to customers. Albeit in some cases thought about vague, a particular mark is necessitated that will isolate these significant substances with respects in offering types of assistance of which assumed as one. Both are corresponded as far as mechanical needs yet extraordinary. Clients may change on each association to which they give their items, be of administrations or products, by some system adequate in the industry’s commercial center. Obviously, traversing the opposition in the market is another undertaking which association needs center. Consumer loyalty is a business term which is utilized to catch estimating how fulfilled an enterprise’s clients are with the organization’s endeavors in a commercial center (Wikipedia, 2006). Once customer’s desires are surpassed, the association will achieve significant levels of consumer loyalty and will make â€Å"customer delight.†Ã¢ This suggests association must have the capacity to satisfy the consumers’ needs through business, passionate and mental viewpoints. The connection between the specialist co-op and the beneficiary, which are the clients, must not be out of gear to appropriately gauge the degree of fulfillment. Appropriate mentality in managing shifted clients ought to be thought of; knowing their perspectives, inputs or recognitions can contribute in deciding the organization’s advertising techniques. Essentially, associations point is to hold clients in disparaging their administrations offered and the objective of expanding the quantity of steadfast clients and in the long run expanding the organization’s incomes. In spite of the fact that consumer loyalty may shift from client to-client, it is imperative to consider that physical and mental attributes which play a significant factor in estimating the degree where clients fulfill with the organization’s administrations. Relatively, the customer’s desire can be assessed with the customer’s experience earlier pertinent to the administrations the association conveys. Association must consider that fulfillment isn't quantitatively estimated since it is all the more a mental perspective; it is a greater amount of the subjective. What's more, administration of value will be presently estimated. Ordinarily, clients characterize ‘quality’ as they are met by their recognition and experience. This is the degree or level of customer’s fulfillment with the administrations or items an association offers conditionally to the earth and the sort of administration given. It is hard to fit in with the desires for the clients needs with the level they require concerning effectiveness, quality, adaptability, and trustworthiness to the administrations conveyed. To accomplish this, Total Quality Management (TQM) is applied. TQM is the board theory focused on an emphasis on nonstop upgrades of item and administrations with the inclusion of the whole workforce. This rule is a drawn out procedure to support business greatness and the thoroughly and consistently contribution of all association capacities. Through this technique, association would now be able to have the sufficient information where the misstep has been made and will consider as components. These variables are then submitted into assortment of estimations, usually the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and Attribution Based Method (ABM). Basic Incident Technique (CIT) is utilized for gathering direct perception from customers’ involvement with connection to the administrations or items the association gives. This is an adaptable strategy which depends on deciding and inspecting the gathered data from the members. Information are then submitted for actuality finding to decide the issues experienced. Assessment is followed to discover arrangements and resolve the raised issues to cause no further issue. The establishment of this procedure was laid by the investigations of Sir Francis Galton (around 1930). This technique can likewise keep away from the generalization suppositions about the association. This strategy is a greater amount of scholarly since it utilize the subjective exploration method.â Identifying atypical occasions that might be missed by different strategies can be dispensed with utilizing this procedure. Additionally, this is costly and gives rich data expected to actuality discovering identified with the issues. Inconvenience to this is the data gathered depends for the most part on memory; occasions might be incorrect or may even go unreported. Attribution Base Methods (ATM) centers around hazard and execution with an immediate spotlight on principles of administration. Utilizing this techniques, association conceptualize the administration or item should survive from standard or of more elevated level. Intending to hold steadfast clients and acquiring a number, propose that normal increase of expectations is made to meet diverse desire level among clients. Association means to have the nature of exceeding expectations; having great benefits in serious extent. Some association utilizes the consumer loyalty overview methodology. This is a productive and most straightforward approach to gauge administration quality which might be seen as effortless. Getting customers’ criticism guarantees business is addressing the requirements of clients and giving bits of knowledge on which perspectives needs improvement where changes ought to be made to increment customers’ by and large fulfillment concerning quality assistance. Absence of accumulated subtleties during the overview may mess some up in estimating the connection of issues to the variables in question. SERVQUAL (Service Quality), got from LODGSERV, is a strategy created by Valarie A. Zeithaml, A. Parasuraman, and Leonard L. Berry. This method is utilized in accomplishing hole investigation in an association to measure its administration quality develop execution against client care quality needs. Essentially, this technique is utilized to improve administration quality when shortcomings are recognized to the administration or item client gets. Utilizing this strategy requests to show the disparity between customer’s desire and customer’s observation, both must be offered an explanation to quantify the customer’s disposition towards an assistance advertised. This system involves 5 key measurements; effects, unwavering quality, responsiveness, affirmation and compassion. In the accommodation business, it is important to do a subjective report. In social insurance, SERVQUAL is utilized in deciding issues between the executives, staff and the administrations offered to take care of commonsense issues. This might be considered as a scholarly strategy as it utilizes proficient studies. Also, this furnishes evaluation with the ideal and real exhibition; expand administration quality while costs are controlled. Remark box or card and overview questions can be utilized, normally present in many foundations particularly in lodgings, eateries and other overhauling field. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) program can likewise be utilized to quantify quality affirmation. Especially, ISO 9000 family offers associations with quality confirmation looking for advantage through the usage of a quality administration framework. The basic idea of client to an association (like inns, facilities, clinical establishment and the related) which procured an ISO affirmation similarly conveys their ideal help quality †desire and the certainty of client are at serious extent. With that, the administration business is resolved to buy in ISO administration to get the affirmation. Like ISO, EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) was created pointing administration quality greatness driving associations to be increasingly serious. There are numerous methodologies in accomplishing practical greatness in all parts of execution. Both convey handy investigation to associations looking for appraisal with respect to their degree of greatness to convey customer’s needs and desires. Bearing the positive effect on expected clients, the association must keep up their greatness or even increment administration quality. Still at high need, Total Quality Management (TQM), help associations to support customer’s quality fulfillment. The administration and workers must be engaged with the consistent advancement of items and administrations advertised. Joining quality and the executives strategies, TQM stays an essential apparatus for associations in accomplishing points of expanding business and limiting misfortune. Ceaseless improvement must arrangement with improving outcomes, yet more significantly with improving capacities to deliver better outcomes later on. Looking at the different approachs talked about may appear to be comparable to. Their primary reason for existing is to assist association with accomplishing the point of conveying fantastic administrations and items with legitimate administration. In the threatening vibe industry, it is prudent to know the desires and needs of client to hold faithful clients and pull in star

Polykleitos’ Bearer and Laocoon and His Sons Essay -- Essays Papers

Polykleitos’ Bearer and Laocoon and His Sons Polykleitos’ is a Roman sculpture. It is made out of marble and it is 6 feet 6 inches tall. The sculpture is of a male who appears to be athletic somebody who works out. The sculpture is remaining in a contrapuntal position; it has its left leg marginally twisted witch causes his foot not to be level on the stage under him. That position enables the sculpture to remain balance. It isn't unbending. The sculpture has no outward appearance. It is not kidding. It eyes are profound and passive. The statue’s head is looking to one side. His correct arm is twisted midway and his hands are collected into a clench hand his hips are inclining towards the left side to help give him balance. His left arm is straight somewhere around his side. Apparently the Spear Bearer will prepare to begin strolling at any second. Taking a gander at the sculpture resembles taking a gander at a high contrast photo it has no shading. Both Laocoon and His Sons and Polykleitos are Roman figures and both are made of a similar material. The model is 8 feet tall. Laocoon's and His Sons have more shading. This model has a brilliant shading to it. Both of these models are delineating the human body. The two figures are delineating the male body as strong and athletic looking. Both of these were done in the high old style time frame witch kept going from 400 †450 B.C.E. With both of these figures the surface gives off an impression of being smooth barring the muscles that have bends. The difference in the Laocoon's and his Sons is light. You do see the shadows of Laocoon's and his children and the individuals who are attempting to murder them. With Polykleitos you see Shadow of his facial highlights and the shadow of his legs on the stage he has under. Polykleitos has bluntness to it and Laocoon has an all the more energetic shading. Where as the stance of Polykleitos creases to some degree weird as though he was tr apped in mid movement Laocoon's position is more activity like. He is flexing moving around to get a path from his foes. Both of these figures are duplicates. Menkaure and His Wife and Kosho’s Kuya Preaching This sculpture is of both male and female. The sculpture is made out of marble. The sculpture is 54  ½ tall. They are both remaining on a stage. The king’s left leg is stretched out forward. His arms are straight on either side of him. His clench hands are grasped and it shows up as though he is holding and items in them. He appe... ... The sculpture was thought be Venus or a Goddess utilized as image for ripeness. The sculpture is a female it has misrepresented highlights. All aspects of the figures body is lopsided and enormous. You can't generally observe any facial highlights on this lady. Her associates directly into her chest region. She has no neck. Her stomach is unbelievably gigantic and her midsection button looks as though it had been stretch. Her legs are fat and chubby. This is an unnatural model. The main part that looks like the human body is the chest region. She has no arms. Not at all like Head of a King from Ife this model doesn't fit as a fiddle or structure look like any piece of the human body. The leader of a lord has human like attributes, which implies increasingly particular highlights that are recognizable immediately to the natural eye. The shading and size of Head of a ruler are all the more energetic and proportionate. The Head of a ruler is more youthful and the material utilized i s covering also. Every one of this figures and compositions have there own remarkable style. This is the thing that makes them so fascinating to watch. Their assorted foundations say a great deal regarding the way of life and specialists who made these one of a kind essential manifestations of workmanship.

2 Timothy 3-4 Worksheet

2 Timothy 3-4 WorksheetThe Dangers of the Last Days (Ch 3) You should know this, Timothy that in the most recent days there will be troublesome occasions. 2 For individuals will adore just themselves and their cash. They will be egotistic and pleased, laughing at God, defiant to their folks, and selfish. They will think about nothing sacrosanct. 3 They will be cold and unforgiving; they will criticize others and have no poise. They will be brutal and detest what is acceptable. 4 They will sell out their companions, be careless, be puffed up proudly, and love delight as opposed to God.  They will act strict, however they will dismiss the force that could make them faithful. Avoid individuals like that! 6 They are the benevolent who worm their way into homes and oversee simple ladies, who are stacked down with sins and are influenced by a wide range of malice wants, 7 continually adapting yet always unable to go to an information on reality. 8 Just as Jannes and Jambres restric ted Moses, so additionally these instructors contradict reality. They are men of debased personalities, who, most definitely, are dismissed. However, they won't get much of anywhere in light of the fact that, as on account of those men, their imprudence will be obvious to everybody. A Final Charge to Timothy 10 You, be that as it may, thoroughly understand my educating, my lifestyle, my motivation, confidence, persistence, love, continuance, 11 mistreatments, sufferingsâ€what sorts of things transpired in Antioch, Iconium and Lystra, the oppressions I persevered. However the Lord protected me from every one of them. 12 truth be told, everybody who needs to carry on with an authentic life in Christ Jesus will be abused, 13 while scalawags and impostors will go from awful to more terrible, beguiling and being bamboozled. 4 But with respect to you, proceed in what you have realized and have gotten persuaded of, on the grounds that you know those from whom you learned it, 15 and how from early stages you have known the Holy Scriptures, which can make you savvy for salvation through confidence in Christ Jesus. 16 All Scripture is God-inhaled and is helpful for educating, censuring, remedying and preparing in uprightness, 17 with the goal that the worker of God[a] might be completely prepared for each great work. Refrain Paraphrase: 1. Paul is disclosing to Timothy that in the last day’s preliminaries would come and it is more earnestly to keep up confidence in Christ. . The motivation to this is a direct result of individuals adoring themselves and along these lines cherishing cash. Also, since they’d just know themselves, they would be pleased, egotistic, laughs at God, rebellious to their folks, and selfish. They would not believe anything to be heavenly or sacrosanct. 3. they will cherish what is malevolent and abhor the great which would lead them to be heartless, unforgiving offensive and having no discretion. 4. For the wellbeing of they of j oy and self esteem, they would deceive their companions, be heartless (wild), exceptionally self-important and prideful. . Paul says to avoid these individuals who adhere to the law and observe the law yet which are a long way from the genuine importance of uprightness. They’d preclude the force from securing God since they’d be just depending on themselves. Who are sections 6-8 talking about? Section 6~8 talks about scoundrels and impostors who will enthusiastically look for spot to stay in, particularly lady who are simple and brimming with their own transgressions. Much the same as Jannes and Jambres who contradicted Moses, they will be eminent according to God, and their ways would not go far.They’d show up as though they are â€Å"righteous† and knows reality with regards to God, yet the center contrast would be their activity to the confidence which would be missing to them. What model and charge does Paul give Timothy (10-17) He gave his own case o f the path and mistreatments that he had confronted, however not just that, he discloses to Timothy of how God had been there through the preliminaries to be survived. He puts solid accentuation on the significance of the Holy sacred writings and what the expression of God can do to our spirits.What is the Mantle of Leadership Paul is discussing (4:1-5 NLTSB pg 2067)? Within the sight of God and of Christ Jesus, who will pass judgment on the living and the dead, and taking into account his showing up and his realm, I give you this charge: 2 Preach the word; be set up in season and unavailable; right, reproach and encourageâ€with incredible persistence and cautious guidance. 3 For the opportunity will come when individuals won't set up with sound precept. Rather, to suit their own wants, they will accumulate around them an incredible number of educators to state what their tingling ears need to hear. They will dismiss their ears from reality and go aside to fantasies. 5 But you, k eep your head in all circumstances, suffer hardship, accomplish crafted by an evangelist, release all the obligations of your service. Paul knew how the Holy Scripture could choose time everlasting in paradise or damnation for the individuals who follow or not follow God’s orders. He says to urge or to censure while lecturing the great gospel, and to be set up to be oppressed for following Christ. The common individuals will just tune in to what they need to tune in and get ignorant concerning sound regulation (which alludes to the holy book. )

Tips to Calm Your Nerves How to Handle Comments

BLOG In: How to No one likes to be criticized. Nevertheless, we often encounter harsh comments from our colleagues or boss at work, or from friends and partners in personal life. Critique never feels good. Even when it is constructive, presented in a mild manner and is meant to help us, it still sets our insides on fire. It hurts our self-esteem, our ego and turns many of us into defensive spiteful creatures. But is there a way to learn how to handle such comments? Anything that would calm your nerves and prevent you from thinking about assassinating your boss? Luckily, psychologist have also asked themselves these questions and found some helpful answers. Today Star-Writers will share with you some invaluable tips on how to deal with criticism without getting nervous. If you are stressed and nervous about your writing project, be it a little essay or a thick volume of dissertation, our expert writers can take that deadly weight of your shoulders. Simply place an order on our website and return to y our peaceful life, and Star-Writers will do the job for you. All people react to critique comments in the very similar way. First we get angry and defensive. Psychologists say that it is a normal reaction of human mind to protect itself, which had developed in us during the centuries. From biological point of view, if your self-esteem is damaged, you function less effectively and it subsequently lowers our chances of survival in this world. So next time when you get all mad and defensive, dont get angry at your personality, because its not you, but biology what does it. After being criticized we can spend hours or even days gnawing at ourselves from within and replaying the moment of critique in our heads, the way we would crush our offender with a subtle and witty insult. There is no need to make a scene and quit your job. But all this is counterproductive and even harmful for health. However, there are some people who can handle such comments surprisingly easy. Lets find out what their secrets are and how you can become calmer when you need it. Leave. First of all, when you have been criticized and feel how the anger starts bubbling inside, go somewhere else. If it is possible dont stay in the same room with the person, who has just rewarded you with a harsh comment. If you are at work, take a five minute break, drink a glass of water and take a breath of fresh air outside. In order to be able to react adequately to the comments, you need to distance yourself from that person physically and psychologically; Apply yoga techniques. There is nothing better for your mind and body than yoga. To apply some yoga techniques to calm your nerves, you dont need to change your clothes or spread a mat on the floor. All you need is to sit down and close your eyes. Before you let go of the nervous tension in your body, you need to embrace it. Feel the tension in your arms, legs, neck, head, and torso. For a moment accept it and then imagine how it evaporates from your limbs, through your skin, centimeter by centimeter. In a moment you will feel much lighter and calmer; Try to learn. After you calmed down your nerves and no longer breathing fire, try to see what you can learn from the critique. Even though, all such comments feel unreasonable, there might me a grain of truth in them. Try not to get emotional and recognize if there is anything constructive and helpful you can learn from it and improve. And if someone criticizes your writing skills, you can always improve by reading our free essay samples and writing tips; React to the contents, not emotions. The problem with critical comments, whether at work or at home, is the way they are delivered. As a rule it is done in emotional way, often with raised voice and rude words, what makes it hard to stay productive and unbiased. However, try to see behind all the emotions and recognize what the person really tries to tell you; See a positive aspect. Try to shift your perspective and view the critical comments not as evil, but as something meant to make you better. After all, such comments even when delivered in unpleasant manner aim to point out some aspect of your work or behavior that needs improvement. Of course, praise is nice and sometimes motivating, but criticism can really help you to get better and achieve more; Nothing personal. The most important thing to understand when you want to handle criticism well is that it directed not at you, but some of your actions. When your boss makes a harsh comment regarding the poorly made pamphlets or lost business deal, you have to remember that he doesnt criticize you as a person. He doesnt want to say that you are a bad or not intelligent person. All he refers to is that a certain work was done badly and not in intelligent way. Next time when you feel hurt and offended, remind yourself that there is nothing personal; False criticism. All these advice were given with the thought of constructive, well deserved comments. However, not all criticism is constructive. Sometimes people are just vile and say something to hurt you. You have to be able to recognize such comments and distinguish them from constructive ones. Nevertheless, even though you know that certain comments are not true and unfair, you still feel hurt and nervous. The only way to deal with it to tell yourself that this person words have no power over you, they cannot change who you are. If someone keeps telling you that you are an elephant, you still will not become one. The same logic works for false criticism, they are just empty words thrown into space. Try to distance yourself and stay dignified. Critical comments can be hurtful for our self-esteem, however there is an approach that could help you to stay calm and react productively. The most important thing to remember is that any criticism can help you to improve, so it is in your interests to separate the constructive truth from emotions. Hopefully, these tips will help you to calm down your nerves and handle comments in a positive dignified manner. And if any of your problems are connected with writing, you can seek professional assistance of Star-Writers. Moreover, on our blog you will be able to find a lot of curios articles on variety of popular topics that could strike your imagination and inspire some ideas. Quickly and for a very modest price our masterful authors and editors will help your writing to succeed.

Regulate Yourself Don’t Blame the Food Industry - 600 Words

Regulate Yourself: Don’t Blame the Food Industry Eating healthy is a major concern in America. Some people believe that food industries are to blame for Americans unhealthy diet, while others think the responsibility for implementing a healthy diet is up to the individual. Mark Bittman, the author of â€Å"Can Big Food Regulates Itself? Fat Chance†, argues that allowing food industries to self regulate what’s healthy and unhealthy has resulted in marketing unhealthy food as being healthy. Bittman has a point: food industries are spreading propaganda in their advertisement about how healthy their products are. The food industry should take responsibility for that, but it is still up to the individual to eat healthy. Food industries should not†¦show more content†¦Self-regulation allows Captain Crunch to be part of a balance breakfast (1). So far self regulation has not been successful because it allows the food companies to advertise and sell food like they want to. Even though self-regulation hasn’t been successful so far, with incentives that could change. Businesses are run by their owners not the government, and regulations shouldn’t be imposed on them, but current voluntary guidelines could be supplemented by tax incentives, which would motivate the food industries to implement them. They would be persuaded to make better adjustments to their product for the purpose of selling and advertising healthier food items. Bittman believes that â€Å"grass roots movements need to make agencies aware that food industry regulations for marketing are needed†, however this is not feasible (1). These are big corporations, their money and comradery will influence the agencies to ignore claims from the grass roots movements. The power of financial persuasion is the method the government should use to get the food industries to self-regulate in a health conscious way. Getting food industries to implement better marketing regulations wou ld only solve a small portion of the problem, education would solve the large portion. It’s up to the parents to educate our kids about eating healthy with the help from the school. The most effective course of action for children or anyone having a healthy diet is being educated about it. The government shouldShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal : Consumer Trust1100 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Proposal: Consumer Trust in the Food Industry I. Convenience. Many Americans don’t know what they would do without the convenience of everyday life in America. The Food Industry is at the helm of this simple lifestyle. If you re hungry, you go to the supermarket and buy what you want. You don’t need to worry about hunting for meat or growing and harvesting plants. Now, all of the hard work involved in obtaining and producing food is the responsibility of food corporations. In their sophisticatedRead MoreObesity: a Problem with Personal Responsibility1766 Words   |  8 PagesResponsibility Drinking too much water will kill you. However, this is not a reason for the government to regulate how much water people drink. There are many dangers in life that the public should be informed of in order to shape their decisions. Eating too much fatty food can cause serious health issues or death, but the government should not regulate what types and quantities of foods Americans eat. The solution to obesity cannot come from government control of what we eat, but instead, mustRead MorePersonal Responsibility And Obesity Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesIn the United States, there are many people who believe that if it wasn’t for fast food restaurants, they would be eating healthier and wouldn’t be overweight. People have even tried to sue fast food restaurants for their own self esteem issues. It’s ironic that people actually blame fast food restaurants, such as McDonald’s, for being obese. While fast food may be one of the contributors to the obesity outbreak, it certainly doesn’t stand alone. There are loads of reasons why people living in theRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesSelling Fairy Tales Mistaken assumptions by the Disney management team affected construction design, marketing and pricing policies, and park management, as well as initial ï ¬ nancing. Disney executives had been erroneously informed that Europeans don’t eat breakfast. Restaurant breakfast service was downsized accordingly, and guess what? â€Å"Everybody showed up for breakfast. We were trying to serve 2,500 breakfasts Part 6 Supplementary Material The root of Disney’s problems in EuroDisney mayRead MoreERR 2015551 Words   |  23 Pagesact 1998: The national minimum wage is the minimum pay per hour almost all workers are entitled to by law. The minimum wage rate depends on a workers age and if they are an apprentice. Working time directive 2003/88/EC: The law says that workers dont usually have to work more than 48 hours a week on average, unless they chose to. Discrimination: It is against the law to treat someone differently because of a personal characteristic. There are several types of discrimination, such as: Age BeingRead MoreMarketing Case Study9790 Words   |  40 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. Anheuser-Busch, which has been described as â€Å"an American icon,† is now under the ownership of a company based in Belgium.. Responding to reports that some consumers planned to boycott Bud products to protest the deal, one industry observer said, â€Å"Brand nationality is all about where it was born, and also the ingredients of that beer and how they make the beer: Basically, it doesn’t matter who owns it. We are in a global world right now†. Do you agree? Students answers willRead MoreNature of Strategic Management13243 Words   |  53 Pagesgo to Web sites, such as CompareNet.com, that offer detailed information on more than 100,000 consumer products. The Internet has changed the very nature and core of buying and selling in neatly all industries. It has fundamentally changed the economics of business in every single industry worldwide. Slogans and companies such as broadband, e-Bay, e-Trade, e-commerce, e-mail, and e-Toys have become an integral part of everyday life worldwide. Business-to-business e-commerce is five times greaterRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesThe Rack: Body elongate The Headcrusher; Tighten head Witchcraft in context Provide explanation Changes and turmoil in society Maintain status quo Protect position and privileges Challenge authorities = charged with heresy Divert attention Blames witches and the Church becomes indispensible Scapegoat Target powerless or threatening groups Rationale for Punishment Rooted in Christianity Biblical law – lex tallonis (eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth) Penance through physical pain NothingRead MoreIntercultural Communication21031 Words   |  85 Pagesgeneralizations about other cultures, but dont use those generalizations to stereotype, write off, or oversimplify your ideas about another person. The best use of a generalization is to add it to your storehouse of knowledge so that you better understand and appreciate other interesting, multi-faceted human beings. †¢ Practice, practice, practice. Thats the first rule, because its in the doing that we actually get better at cross-cultural communication. †¢ Dont assume that there is one rightRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesorganization growing and prospering, then failing (just as humans do), but occasionally resurging. Success rarely lasts forever, but even the most serious mistakes can be (but are not always) overcome. As in previous editions, a variety of firms, industries, mistakes, and successes are presented. You will be familiar with most of the organizations, although probably not with the details of their situations. We are always on the lookout for cases that can bring out certain points or caveats in the

Justice vs Revenge - 1325 Words

Justice is part of revenge; as also for revenge is part of justice. â€Å"Justice† comes from a Latin word that means â€Å"straight, fair, equal†, it’s the quality of being righteous and loyal towards one’s state, although serves the interests of the stronger (Hourani, 1962), while revenge is the act of taking retaliation for injuries or wrongs. What ever the circumstances are being the individual who experiences a unjust act, results in the hunt for one of these two things: Justice or revenge. What are the key differences between the two? Justice can be defined as the concept of moral rightness, which is based on the rules of law, fairness, ethics, and equality among the governed citizens. Revenge, on the other hand, refers to an action taken by†¦show more content†¦In ancient history or stories, children would avenge their parents’ death. In contrast, Jon Elster made clear that revenge is evil (1990). But is there any difference when we hand the murderers to be dealt with (to face a death penalty)? As mentioned by Thane Rosenbaum, â€Å"Governments warn citizens not to take justice into their own hands†, commenting on his words- isn’t â€Å"justice† here, in the hands of citizens, as same as â€Å"justice† within governments power (2011)? If you think that justice has more fairness, it’s not quite so. Revenge can sometimes be fair if we do the maths- do an equal amount of retaliation. Consider the scenario of the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men†, eleven jurors vote in favor of convicting the accused without even discussing a single shred of evidence that was presented at the trial. In the movie, if Henry Fonda wasn’t part of the jury, the boy would have been declared guilty and would have died (1957). However, Fonda decided to continue investigating and finally got to the bottom of the mystery. The boy was declared not guilty, but neither the play nor the movie tells us whether they saved an innocent man from death or whether they let a guilty man walk free. The movie emphasizes how important our judicial system is, and how much responsibility we have as citizens to become a jury of our peers and not rush into judgment, because as seen in the movie, jurors judged the accused based on their personal lifeShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Justice In Death And The Maiden1032 Words   |  5 PagesWhat if Romeo did not seek revenge for Mercutio’s death? Imagine a scenario where he instead sought for justice. Would the chaos be unleashed in the boulevards of Verona? In the play Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman explores the idea of justice vs. revenge through a woman who wants to punish the man who drove her to this state of insanity while her husband Gerardo prevents her as he believes no one is above the law even her. In the meantime, the country of Chile was undergoing the process of truthRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pages Actions speak louder than words. So in Hamlet written by Shakespeare there is a lot of dichotomy between words vs. actions. The basic idea of dichotomy is the difference between to similar ideas or actions. In the play Hamlet there are two ideas that are butting heads. These would be words vs. actions. In the play there is a lot of talking and saying stuff about other people and there is actions to be followed by the words that wer e said. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 PagesSentencing Plays In the Criminal Justice Process There are four philosophies that are considered when it comes to the sentencing of a criminal. These philosophies are: Retribution- Retribution is a philosophy that a wrong doer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished. Retribution relies on the principal of â€Å"just deserts†, this holds that the severity of the punishment hold to the severity of the crime. This philosophy is not the same as revenge because retribution is moreRead MoreThe Revengers Tragedy Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesplaywright Cyril Tourneur, is a rich and compelling theatric play which functions as a social commentary for the Jacobean period when it was written. Themes such as the immorality and fickleness of women, and the subversion of personal justice over public justice serve as a multifaceted reflection of society’s values during that iniquitous era. These key ideas help secure this tragedy as a classic which has lasted throughout the ages, due to its constant relevance and engaging thematic values. Read MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe926 Words   |  4 Pagesstory about guilty conscience. The central character, Montresor, has been insulted by his rival, Fortunato, and vows revenge. He plans to entomb Fortunato in the catacombs below his house, and he establishes a set of guidelines for a successful revenge. As the plan progresses, however, Montresor loses his determination. Though Montresor does entomb Fortunato, he cannot savor the revenge because a guilty conscience consumes him for the next fifty years. Poe, a master of human nature, suggests with hisRead MoreSocial Justice Laws845 Words   |  4 PagesJustice Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable. Justice is usually decided by society or the norm. The norm changes from one society to another. However, there are always laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes about right and wrong. Criminal justice is a termRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet1083 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet Sr and Gertrude. Disgusted by his mother’s marriage to his uncle, Claudius. He is profoundly reflective, but at times acts rashly (likely the result of the rage and grief that consumes him thanks to the circumstances). Has a desire to bring justice to those that have done him wrong. Claudius (Antagonist): Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. Marries Queen Gertrude after murdering his brother, to Hamlet’s disgust. Hungry for power, Claudius’s actions portray questionable morals, but he shows signsRead MoreHamlet Is Notorious For Its Critical Theme Of Revenge1042 Words   |  5 Pages Suchit 1 Ms. Ward ENG 4U 28 July 2017 Hamlet Essay Analysis Shakespeare’s Hamlet is infamous for its critical theme of revenge. However, the constant conflict between action vs inaction insinuates a deeper concern. For starters, Prince Hamlet frequently creates excuses to delay his father s revenge. He is always thinking of the consequences that may result if he proceeds with his treason instead of avenging his father. On the contrary, Laertes is quick toRead MoreEssay Justice841 Words   |  4 Pages Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every action or decision we make is either justifiable or unjustifiable. Justice is usually decided by society or the quot;norm.quot; The quot;normquot; changes from one society to another. However, there are always laws that can be broken, consequences that must follow, and punishment that must be imparted. Justice can be seen in two different ways, social and criminal. Justice is in the eye of the beholder because we all have different attitudes aboutRead MoreJudge Jury, And Executioner Is A Revenge Thriller1616 Words   |  7 Pages JUDGE, JURY, AND EXECUTIONER is a revenge thriller. The story centers on a grieving detective and her investigation of a young woman’s murder. The script is driven by the theme of justice. The initial goal is clear and the stakes are life and death. The script presents with some intriguing and complex characters. The concept of investigating a murder and revenge is not new to the industry, but it’s a tried and true premise. The tone is dramatic and the script offers an intriguing twist at the

Blood Brother Analysis Essay Example For Students

Blood Brother Analysis Essay We worked with two songs from Blood brothers; the opening and final song, both sung by Mrs. Johnstone. We got into groups and discussed what the purpose of each of the songs was and how we could add movement to it to tell the story and make obvious who was who by using mime. In this way the songs were both being used effectively as narration, and a good way of interpreting the song  The first song is an active narrative, it tells you what is happening as it happens, so for example when she sings we got married then we had a do Josh who played Mr. Johnstone got on his knee and placed a ring on my engagement finger. Then we started dancing with the others and people were taking pictures of us, the happy couple. The first Photograph was taken in the first song when Mr. Johnstone has just left Mrs. Johnstone for a younger, thinner, childless version her of. Amie who is in his arms. Then there is me, Mrs. Johnstone is the back holding a baby, left alone, and all the attention is on the new girl.  We linked the two songs by having myself stay on stage miming holding two babies in my arms, Amie then gave me some money in return for one of the babies, so I handed her one then walked off to the back of the stage were Josh Dan Kate Adam and Harry stood with their back to the audience. I think that it was a neat change over and it had told the story in one. The story of the blood brothers had begun. The second photograph was taken at the end of the second song when the twins had both died.  The second song was a passive narrative so didnt have one event happening after the other.  We decided to start from when the boys first meet and we brought the first song we looked at in blood brother which was the kids singing 1-10 then you get back up again which was basically a war game. So we played that then from josh kicking a ball times completely changed he walked off to get the ball then he came back on to see Dan, Kate Harry and myself smoking and drinking and from 7 we turned 17.Dan (Mickey) then turned round with his back to me and when he  looked back. I was hugging josh who was Eddie and got jealous then started on Eddie with myself in the middle of  them with my hand in front of Mickeys face shacking my head, This then showed clearly who was who. I was Linda, Josh was Eddie and Dan played Mickey. Mickey pushes Linda away then pulls out a gun on Eddie then shoots I them sit next to Eddie on the floor crying looking at Mickey shacking my head then he drops his gun looking behind him where Harry Adam and Kate stood with guns pointing at him then shoot. We said that the three of them could have represented his guilty conscious or just simply the police. Throughout the whole of this song Amie who played either Mrs. Lyons or Mrs. Johnstone sat towards the audience with broken hearted expressions as if she was telling the story and we were her memory, re-living it in her mind. I think this was really affective because in the space of 6minutes we re-lived the whole of a 2hour play in mime using the two main songs as the narrator. I was very pleased with them but could have improved the first one because we didnt put so much thought into it.

Verbal Learning Process

Verbal learning is the use of words or the process of speaking to express ones ideas or thoughts. It also entails learner’s acquiring and retaining ability of verbal information.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Verbal Learning Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, verbal learning is said to be memorization due to day-to-day demands on use of acquired verbal information. According to Tulving and Madigan, the learning has proved to be one of most efficient ways of passing information to the learners and a better way by which learners comprehend information (1970). A student who engages verbal learning incorporates vocal words to bring out concepts; hence, it is a procedure of transforming information from short-term to long-term memory. The concept of how human beings are able to retrieve and use verbal information is complex and is greatly influenced by how these learners are abl e to memorize the same information. For example, one is able to write the alphabetical letters backwards after memorizing and learning how to pair the sequence of all the alphabetical letters verbally. The process therefore means that one is in a position to require repeating information verbally during the paring sequence. Hearing the alphabet sequence therefore assists in remembering the letters and eventually one is even able to write them down in reverse. In line with Tulving and Madigan, association, as one of the major concept in verbal learning is brought out during the learning process (1970). In most cases, a student of verbal learning will associate a stimulus to a response. A good example is when a person you meet for the first time tells you his/her name. The next instance you meet the same person (a stimulus), the mind is triggered and thus recalls the sound of that person’s name (a response). This shows that the mind can memorize sound and then associate the sou nds to objects or activities in future to give response.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other concept of verbal learning involves comprehension, which often occurs faster and easily, unlike in sign language learning where once requires to know the sign language in the first place. From the above explanations, verbal acquisition of knowledge is not extensively caused by conscious regulations or rigid form of knowledge attainment like most people believes it to be. The process is an enduring form of learning where proficiency and fluency emerges later on particularly during specialization. Verbal knowledge acquisition also involves good listening skills. A learner should thus be keen enough and patient to ensure proper input of the attempts and thus avoid learning anxiety. In verbal learning, the ability to recognize improvement is only achievable through comprehension of input. Interaction is thus a vital aspect of acquiring the knowledge since the learner’s input is the contribution provided through interactive participation, while output is the comprehension ability especially use of the language. Personal interpretation is also a key factor of effective verbal communication. Modern verbal learning calls for real-time acquisition of skills since the communication practice is the key aspect as opposed to the normal form of classroom learning, where the leant knowledge concerns specified study topics (Tulving and Madigan, 1970). Verbal learning consequently takes various unique styles such as ability to influence fluency of rapport-building skills. The learning provides need to notice and generate functions that can evoke the conscious reaction of the mind. Lastly, there is need for engaging meta-lingual abilities, which involves the capacity to take in hand deep thoughts as a measure of improving the learning skills enjoyably. Accuracy in th e accusation therefore depends on comfort and individual’s passion to acquire the new skills. Verbal learning is however advantageous since it provides learner the opportunity to tryout the skills immediately.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Verbal Learning Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Tulving, E., Madigan, S. A. (1970). Memory and Verbal Learning. Canada: University of Toronto Retrieved from http://alicekim.ca/AnnRev70.pdf This research paper on Verbal Learning Process was written and submitted by user Alvin Norman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay

buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay 1.0 Introduction Gingival enlargement also known as gingival hypertrophy or hyperplasia is an abnormal overgrowth of gingival tissues6. Studies have revealed that pregnancy is among the risk factors causing periodontal disease, due to increased levels of progesterone and estrogens. Gingiva has been found to be one of the target organs for female sex hormones. In order to reduce incidences of gingival inflammation, it is recommended that pregnant women should maintain their oral hygiene. The increase in gingival inflammation begins during the second month of pregnancy and and reach its maximum level during the eighth month of pregnancy. The inflammatory changes may lead to gingival appearing edematous, hyperplastic or erythematous. Usually, the changes are either localized or generalized and may be noted on the interdental papilla and also on the marginal gingival. The condition is accompanied by local irritation. 2.0 Purpose of the Project In this paper, the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy is presented. The paper will enable us discover the causes of gingival enlargement in pregnant women, the intense of the condition and how it can be prevented. Gingival enlargement has been found to cause various problems such as chewing, breathing, speaking and cosmetic problems, especially during pregnancy. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during pregnancy, have been associated with localized and generalized gingival enlargements. Pregnancy does not cause this condition directly, but rather metabolism during pregnancy accentuates the response to irritants, thus causing gingival inflammation. All these are discussed in depth in the paper. Having a deeper understanding of the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy is crucial because the condition has become a common clinical entity. Because of its association with various local and systematic factors, complete management of the condition requires differential diagnosis. Most gingival enlargement causative factors lead to unusual hyperplastic tissue response, which are associated with local irritants such as calculus, plague, and bacteria. 3.0 Background Gingival enlargement is a common clinical entity, especially with pregnant women. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during pregnancy, have been known to be one of the causative factors of gingival enlargement. The paper addresses the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy. The topic has a wide range of importance to health issues. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during puberty and pregnancy, have been known to be associated with various types of gingival enlargement. The hormonal changes significantly potentiate the effects of irritants on gingival connective tissues. In all body inflammation good oral hygiene is necessary in order to minimize the negative effects of the associated systematic factors. Gingivectomy or Gingivoplasty may be done in combination with oral hygiene and prophylaxis instructions. Lesions that do not cause a significant esthetic or functional problem should be avoided during pregnancy because they may reoccur. Furthermore, they may resolve to a spontaneous post-partum. The importance of oral prophylaxis and regular check up cannot be overlooked. Though, gingival hyperplasia is a rare condition, it is important for mechanic and cosmetic reasons. During pregnancy hyperplasia of gingival may be caused by various factors including poor oral hygiene, poor nutrition or by systematic hormonal stimulation. The objective of the paper is to explain deeply the causes of gingival enlargement during pregnancy, effects and prevention of the condition. The following research questions will be answered in the course of the paper: How is gingival enlargement related to pregnancy? What causes gingival enlargement during pregnancy? What are the influences of hormonal imbalances during pregnancy on the development of gingival lesions? How can gingival inflammation be prevented and treated? 4.0Literature Review Periodontal inflammation and pregnancy have now been linked for many years. For instance, in1978, Vermeeran discussed the intense of toothpains" in pregnancy5. Also in 1818, Pitcarin tried to give a description of gingival hyperplasia in pregnancy6. Pregnancy related abnormalities are most frequent in gingival tissue. Pregnancy does not cause gingivitis, but rather aggravate preexisting disease. The most common known changes exhibit themselves in gingival vasculature. Various studies have been done to understand how ovarian hormones may increase the enlargement the gingival tissues and exaggerate the response to local irritants. Gingival inflammation has been found to be aggravated by an imbalance or an increase in sex hormones. According to a study by Pitcarin sex hormones affects and modifies the actions of cells of immune system2. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the interaction of estrogen and immune system can lead to non immune regulatory effects. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been demonstrated in the gingival. The sub-gingival micro-flora and the gingival tissues respond to the hormonal imbalance during pregnancy with a variety of changes. Epidemiological studies suggests that the prevalence of pregnancy gingivitis ranges from 35% to 100% During collection of information regarding the topic I made use of pub-med search. Using Google as the search engine I entered the URL. This is the National Library of medicine address. I clicked on PubMed, which took me to simple search interface pages for PubMed. The key words I searched for include the following; gingival enlargement, gingivectomy and periodontal inflammation including many others. 5.0 Theoretical Framework A study, which was done by Carranza and Newman1 on February 2008, involving 95 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years old, suggests that untreated periodontal diseases in pregnant mothers poses a significant risk factor, which may cause preterm, less than 37 weeks gestation and low birth weight (less than 2500 grams)1. Currently, there have been opinions that the co-relation of periodontal diseases to preterm low birth weights (PLBW) occurs due to infections. The evidence further suggests that the condition can be mediated indirectly through the translocation of bacterial products such as endotoxin or by the action of maternally produced inflammatory mediators. The biologically active molecules, which are normally in normal parturition, such as prostaglandin PGE and tumor necrosis factors are raised to high levels by the infection. This may foster premature labor. Recently, there has been a positive relation between gingival crevicular fluid levels of PGE with intra amniotic PGE levels, suggesting that negative periodontal infections may present a challenge sufficient to initiate the onset of premature labor through the stimulatiion of secondary mediators such as PGE and Interleukin 1 beta. Pregnancy gingivitis manifests itself in various ways. This includes; erythema, hyperplasia, edema and increased bleeding. These manifestations are similar to those of conventional gingivitis. The condition varies from mild to server inflammation and progresses to serious enlargement causing spontaneous bleeding and pain of gingiva. Occasionally, there might appear a localized gingival enlargement called pregnancy tumor. Serious gingival condition leads to tissue inflammation causing periodontal tooth mobility. It has been observed that during pregnancy hormonal levels increases to a greater extent. For instance, etcradial levels in the plasma increases up to 30 times that during reproductive cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the placenta during pregnancy. The estrogen produced may regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation and keratinization, while progesterone changes the rate of production of collagen and also affects the permeability of microvasculature. Receptors for progesterone and estrogen have been revealed in the gingival; providing direct biochemical evidence that gingiva can be a target organ for sex hormones. In addition, there exists an evidence of sex hormone concentration in the crevicular fluid, which provides a growth medium for periodontal pathogens. Also, there are various changes which occur in maternal immune system leading to a decrease in the ration of peripheral T helper cells to T suppressor cells. The changes in maternal immune response increase the degree of gingival inflammation. Because of increased sex hormones in gingival tissues, gingival crevicular fluid and in the saliva, the response of tissues (gingival) to local factors (plague) becomes exaggerated7. Gingival inflammation, presence of calculus and plague and consequently, gingival bleeding have been found to be more in pregnant women in comparison to non-pregnant women. It has been estimated that the prevalence of gingivitis in pregnant women ranges from 30% to 100%. According to another study did by Laine, pregnant women need to have a high standard of hygiene4. Because of the hormonal imbalances during pregnancy, pregnant women are more susceptible to gingival-periodontal diseases. This is consistent with the finding by Pinard, which showed that pregnant women need more oral hygiene instructions and care in order to deal with oral diseases3. Oral hygiene instructions such as instructions on how to care for oral heath during gestation, and after delivering, are among the parameters to be considered for pregnant women6. Although a considerable proportion of pregnant women experience gingivitis during pregnancy, gingival tissues return to their original healthy state after wards. This happens when the levels of estrogen and progesterone reach baseline values. In a clinical situation, apart from a slight increase in gingivitis, a sub-gingival microbial shift and bleeding, healthy pregnant women are unlikely to experience a significant gingival response that would have serious clinical implication. It is important for women, who are susceptible to gingival conditions, to seek treatment to prevent serious extension of inflammation that may cause bacteremia8. Preventive measures such as meticulous plague control and dental prophylaxis helps in preventing periodontal conditions from development. Hence, it is necessary to include periodontal examination as one of antenatal check up during pregnancy in order to ensure that both the mother and the child are healthy. Buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay

Case Analysis Sweden The Evolution of Health Care information Coursework

Case Analysis Sweden The Evolution of Health Care information - Coursework Example The Spri study also wished to establish the implication of the new medical information system on the quality, cost of health service and the performance of medical practitioners. In addition, the study was carried out to establish the significance of the computerized information system in carrying out medical follow-ups. The user friendliness of the health care system to different end users was also a significant objective of the Spri study. Although the implementation of the computerized health records would be beneficial to the government and the citizens, its implementation is difficult. This is because integrating the complex health records of the entire population would be difficult. The Swedish public health system is, therefore not likely to achieve the proposed benefits or rate of implementing the new health record system (Marion, Charlotte, and Joan 74). The understanding of information technology concerning its status and its future is also a significant aspect of implementing recommendation of the Spri case study. Developments in information technology have taken different directions and, therefore it is impossible to predict its future implications adequately. This is because the current Spri studies have been conducted using the present IT knowledge that might be irrelevant in the future. The projections that can be derived from the case stud y will only be valid in the short term due to the rapid evolution of information technology. The governments and local authorities need implementing the recommendations of the case study in order to reap its benefits. Lack of global consideration of IT has also contributed to the lack of credibility of the study results. The health care system can be described as information rich. This is because the sector deals with large volume of data. Information or the important content from the large volume of data is the most significant. The implementation of IT in health care systems will enable the

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay - 3

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example The process involves generation of multiple ideas in the minds of the respective entrepreneur. The person may screen and reach at a various different ideas with each one having its unique pros and cons. Such ideas are generally in a raw format without much technical analysis being done on them. Idea generation is extremely significant because idea is the stone that is polished at the various stages of a business plan. An idea arises mostly from the personal interests and perception of the entrepreneur. It is something that is related to the behavioural nature and professional mindset of the entrepreneur. For instance a medical professional might develop an idea for surgical equipment retailing, a good cook might think of opening a restaurant and the like. It is always better to work out on those areas which relates to the interest of entrepreneur. It is as good as a business firm diversifying into a related product line. If the entrepreneur is familiar with the idea, it would be conv enient for him/her to manage it. Therefore, the first question an aspiring entrepreneur should ask is what interests them the most and is there an opportunity lying in the market for the same. This thought can give rise to more specific ideas. Strategic Objectives: Strategic objectives or just business objectives refer to the actual purposes of the business for which the business actually exists. It is considered as the focal point of all the major activities of the business. The strategic objectives of a business are usually encompassed in the terms Vision and Mission. Vision is the future outlook of the business and Mission is the actual purpose as well as course of action to be taken to... The researcher states that in the case of a successful enterprise, a detailed and comprehensive Business Plan is the primary step which ensures the overall course of action of the business. In most cases, a business plan is created to explain and illustrate the vision you have for your business, and to persuade others to help you achieve that vision. Topfer states that starting a business without enough planning is like setting a journey without deciding on the destination. In most cases, small businesses simply ignore the process of business planning. There are various different reasons which actually become hurdle in the formulation of the Business Plan including time constraints, resource constraints and more importantly expertise constraints. But irrespective of the size of the business, it is always beneficial to have a clearly charted out plan. Business plans are required not only for planning the future of the business but also for the availing financing options. All financial institutions assist with the capital requirement of the company only after a careful study of the prospects of the business. Such an analysis is possible only with the help of a detailed and comprehensive business plan. This paper highlights the entrepreneurial characteristics. There are several literatures that discuss the qualities and skills required for becoming a successful entrepreneur. Most of such literatures discuss almost the same characteristics.

Understanding Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Understanding Performance Management Essay The mandate to operate at an optimal performance level and meet financial and organizational expectations are transforming the way organizations do business. This evolution is driving higher standards of competence in day-to-day operations and adding new pressure to increase stakeholder value. In today’s rapid-paced business climate, the agility with which a company manages performance can determine market position and company profitability. Defining Performance Management Performance management is the integrated process of defining, assessing, and reinforcing employee work behaviors and outcomes (Cummings and Worley 2005). Performance management focuses on understanding, optimizing, and aligning action and decisions and ensuring the collaboration and empowerment of all individuals across the business network. It includes practices and methods for goal setting, performance appraisal, coaching, employee development and reward systems. More than ever, organizations need broader measures of employee performance to ensure that (1) deficiencies are address in a timely manner through employee development programs that meet the needs of the organisation and its market, (2) employee behaviours are being directed toward performance of specific objectives that are consistent with the work unit and the organization strategy, and (3) employees are provided with proper and timely feed back to assist with their career development. These practices jointly influence the performance of individuals and work group, and enables them to work across strategic, tactical, and operational levels to align actions to ensure optimal performance. In order for effective performance management to take place, the process must utilize information from three time periods to do so. It makes use of data from the past in order to gather information form past performance. This information is then utilized in the present for the establishment of work plans, goals and the setting of development opportunities. These objectives therefore allow for high levels of performance in the future. The Purpose of the Performance Management System The main purpose of performance management is to make sure that employee goals, employee behaviours used to achieve these goals and feedback information about employee performance are all linked to the corporate strategy. However there is no one way to manage performance. What ever system is adopted needs to be congruent with the culture and principles that pervade the organization. Most systems of performance management has three purposes- Strategic, Administrative, and Developmental. The strategic purpose- Defining Performance One of the ways in which strategies are implemented is by management defining the desired results, behaviours and employee characteristics necessary for carrying out strategy. They can then develop measurement and feedback mechanisms which will show hoe effectively results are being achieved and what to do to produce results. The organization can achieve this strategic purpose if it is flexible and amendable to changes in the goals and strategies which can occur, and also to recognise that if such changes occur, then there needs to be change in results, behaviours and characteristics of the employees, which must of necessity change to correspond with such organizational changes. The Administrative Purpose-Measuring Performance Performance appraisal information is one of the main instruments used by organizations for making administrative decisions, for example, salary administration, in terms of pay raises; promotions, retention or termination, recognition of individual performance and identification of poor performance. The Developmental Purpose- Feedback and coaching This aspect of performance management seeks to develop further, employees who are good at their jobs. In instances where employees are not performing up to standard, performance management also seeks to improve their performance through coaching. The feedback from the performance evaluation process indicates or identifies the areas of strengths and weakness in the employee performance. It is therefore critical to businesses that they recognise and fulfill the purpose of an effective performance management system as this is central to gaining a competitive advantage through the management of human resources. They also need to develop the measures by which performance can be evaluated. The discussion now turns to the development of the performance management system. It describes the major strategic decisions that must be put in place if the task force is to effectively design a performance management system. In order for a successful performance management to be established, the process must utilize five strategic decisions. 1. How the system will be used be used? 2. Who does the evaluation? 3. What areas are to be evaluated? 4. How should the evaluation be done? 5. What are the ways in which the evaluation can be done? How will the system be used Planned employee development should be one of the basic concepts of any organization’s performance management system. This is an attempt to state a broad policy which removes any option about people development by stipulating that developing people is a pillar of whatever system of management the organization espouses. This people development should be planned, not given mere lip service or expected to happen by itself. Adoption of this policy would guard against the simplistic way in which some supervisors consider themselves to be results oriented as opposed to people oriented, thus absolving themselves from people development. The major thrust of employee development will be to emphasize that the development of people as the best means available to achieve results for the organization. Three new thoughts are intended in this policy rec ¬ommendation. First, because development is different for everyone, there should be individual development plans. While there may always be areas of growth or development common to many at the same time, these ought not to be the sum total of the people develop ¬ing process taking place. It is often an easy excuse for supervisors point to plant–wide or company–wide â€Å"people† programs as a way of absolving themselves of their people developing responsibility. The second operable word in this policy state ¬ment is review. The supervisor is required to follow up on the people development plans. They are not to be spoken of enthusiastically for a brief period and then forgotten. If documented on company forms, they ought not to be forwarded to some staff office as though float ¬ing off into never–never land. They require monitoring so that progress can be checked periodically. Third, individual plans should be reviewed at least annually. This is an attempt to offer some time frame for periodic review, so as not to make the task too time–consuming. Furthermore, a lot can happen in twelve months, so that this time span is not too soon for considering new situations that might warrant chang ¬ing or updating the plan. Many practicing managers indicate a twelve month time frame as a practical one, especially when the development plan is discussed in the context of the annual performance evaluation. Each of my subordinates should work out a specific plan of personal development. Two thoughts are contained in this policy statement. First, each subordinate is to have a development plan. Again, we speak of the universality of develop ¬ment. This isn’t only for the weak, or only for those identified as shinning stars, or only for any select lucky or unlucky few. Everyone has developmental needs in order to help achieve the mission of the organization. Second, there is the question of who works out this plan for development. Some may immediately think of some subordinates who do not appear capable of working out their own personal development, hence this may prompt a negative vote (or â€Å"false† mark) on this state ¬ment. Clearly there will be some individuals less qualified than others to work out such a plan. But the intent is not to expect people to do it alone – quite the contrary. The real point of this statement is to fix on the subordinate a sharing of the development responsibility for which the supervisor is accountable. It becomes then a shared responsibility between the supervisor and the subordinate. I should require individual development plans from each of my subordinates Again many mangers can point to individuals who might state, or have stated, they are not interested in development. We’ve all encountered people like that. They readily assert that they have no interest in getting promoted; they know their job, they do it well, they simply want to work 9 to 5 and leave the jockeying for positions to someone else. This is precisely why the uni ¬versality of the need for development needs reinforcing. It ought not to be an option. The organization cannot afford to let people maintain that attitude. It is not what we want to people to think of promotion or becoming managers or anything they truly do not want to become, but in order to continue to perform well in the present areas of responsibility, people must keep pace with develop ¬ments in their field. Because no job stays the same, no jobholder can stay the same. â€Å"Future shock† is a concept with which we are all familiar. So much happens in the work developments around us that no job remains the same very long. Hence, if a worker is doing the job the same way he or she did a year ago, that person is less effective, if not completely wrong. Periodic on–the–job coaching is a major part of an individual’s development. The hope here is that the supervisor will feel at home with the statement and its implications. Periodic instruction or assistance on the job is an everyday occurrence. No one will deny the need for giving instruction or assistance on the job to those who need it, and some need it more that others. If we can begin to see this part of the warp and weft of individual development, then the universal change envisioned in these statements will not be so threatening to some. Who evaluates Performance appraisal of the employee should be done by immediate supervisor. The supervisor is the one who is usually in the best position to observe and evaluate his or her subordinates’ performance and he or she is responsible for that person’s performance. References I/O psych text Another approach that can be used is peer appraisals. According to kane and Lawler(1978), three techniques are usually used : (1) Peer nomination- each person nomoinates a specified number of group members as being highest in particular dimension of performance. (2) Peer rating- each group member rates the others on a set of performance dimensions using several kinds of rating scales. 3) Peer ranking- each member ranks all others from the best to worst on one or more performance dimensions. The Appraisal of an employee by his or her peers can be effective in predicting future management success. One problem however is log rolling; that is all the peers simply get together to rate each other highly. Also many group members donot like to evaluate one another, so part of the method hinges on impressing participants with its values. There is also the rating committee which is usually composed of the employees’ immediate supervisors and three or four other supervisors. This type of rating is useful and advantageous because while there may be discrepancies in the rating s made by individual supervisors, the composite ratings tend to be more reliable, fair and valid. Another advantage is that several raters can cancel out problems like bias and the halo effect on the part of the individual rater. Employee evaluation can also be done by employees assessing their own behaviour. This is known as the self assessment technique. The basic problem with this is that employees usually rate themselves higher than they are rated by their supervisors or their peers. Meyer(1980) reorted a study in which engineers rated their own performance against their views of the performance of other engineers in the company. On average, each engineer thought he or she was performing better than 75% of the rest of the engineers in the study. Statically, it is quite a trick to have a 100% of the workforce be in the top 25%b of job performers. This underscores the biggest problem with self- assessment: positive leniency. Most people have higher opinions of their own performance than others do. There is also the other form of appraisal which is appraisal by subordinates, otherwise known as upward feedback. In this situation, subordinates are anonymously asked to evaluate their supervisor’s performance. When this type of appraisal is conducted throughout the firm it really helps the top managers to diagnose management styles, identify potential people problems and take corrective action with individual managers as required. Appraisal may also be conducted through performance feedback from all the persons with whom the employee has to interact; this interaction is referred to as 360-degrwee feedback. The appraisal can take place between coworkers, subordinates, and internal and external customers. The Performance Appraisal Interview and the Coaching Process The appraisal interview is one in which the supervisor and subordinate review the appraisal and make plans to remedy deficiencies and reinforce strengths. For many supervisors the formal performance appraisal interview is one of the most dreaded activities of the role. Of course, supervisors often have no problem evaluating the outstanding performer. The problem is with everyone else. They are put in the position of providing information to a subordinate that often runs contrary to the subordinates own self-evaluation or self-image. This can lead to a number of outcomes that many managers would prefer avoiding. In conducting appraisal interviews effectively there are four major things that supervisors must do in preparation for interview: 1. Spend a lot of time preparing; go over the subordinates performance, your own interactions, the history of the employee; if the employee reports to a number of supervisors, make sure you have input from all relevant sources 2. They must assemble data, study the person’s job description, compare the employee’s performance standards that would be evaluated against, and review the files of the employee’s previous appraisals. 3. Supervisors should also prepare employees, that is , give them at least a week notice to review their work, read over job description, analyze problems and gather their questions and comments so that the interview can be a two-way conversation. 4. A mutually agreeable time should be choosen ofr the interview. Enough time time should also be scheduled for the intertview. Having prepared for the interview there are four important things that supervisors need to cognizant of: ? Supervisors should attempt to be direct and specific all times. They should speak in terms of objective work data such as absences, tardiness, qulit records, inspection reports, productivity records and cost reduction. This is done so that employee is aware of all the areas that he or she is being appraised on. ?The supervisor should also encourage the appraisee to talk. Stop and listen to what the person is saying. The supervisor should ask opened questions such as â€Å" what do you think we can do to improve the situation ? ? Do not get personal. Supervisors should try to compare employees’ performance to given standards and not to othe performance of other people. This can help to avoid confrontation or misunderstanding between the appraiser and appraisee. This also ensures that the person know what they are doing wrong and what they are doing right. The supervisor s hould ensure the persons understands , and get agreement before he or she leaves on how things will be improved and by a give n date . An action plan shoud also be developed showing steps and expected results. Coaching: Some General Guidelines be as specific as possible take advantage of critical incidents-for example after a major project, sit down and reflect with your subordinate about lessons learned identify specific developmental agendas identify resources available to subordinates adapt your coaching style to the individual Link to compensation Many people may argue that a performance appraisal is little more than a tool for managers to use in wringing as much work as possible from individuals without adequately rewarding them. This perception is difficult to deny if you have ever been the victim of such exploitation. Indeed, it must be recognized that a dishonest and secretive performance appraisal system will only exacerbate poor employee relations. However, if employees believe that the system can assist them in furthering their own careers and economic prospects, performance appraisals can actually boost employee morale. Performance appraisals are particularly useful in facilitating equitable decisions about salary if the agency uses a merit pay system as the basis for salary progression. A merit pay system requires a method for translating judgments about work quality into appropriate salary actions. Pay increases of varying sizes must be rationally explained if a merit pay system is not to seem arbitrary. If an organization has an automatic pay system, with scheduled salary increases, performance appraisals will help identify (and justify the termination of) unsatisfactory employees who demoralize others, since they receive the same salary increases as good workers. Recent research (Bannister Balkin, 1990) has reported that appraisees seem to have greater acceptance of the appraisal process, and feel more satisfied with it, when the process is directly linked to rewards. Such findings are a serious challenge to those who feel that appraisal results and reward outcomes must be strictly isolated from each other. Methods for performance appraisal

The journey of Captain Thomas Sutherland to Australia in 1881 Essay

Greetings to you all. My name is Thomas Sutherland and, along with my wife Adelaide, was the first officer sent to Australia to commence the work of the Salvation Army by the General, William Booth. For me to give you all a true picture of my journey to Australia I need to go back to my youth. You see, I wasn?t always a true follower of our Lord Jesus Christ. Yes I went to Sunday school when I was a lad, but during my teen years I lost my way causing great concern to my parents. I began to behave in a wicked way and would become one of the best blasphemers going around. I became the leader of a gang of roughs having shown good leadership skills amongst the group. It wasn?t long before I moved from these wild ways to that of drinking at the public houses, became idle and loathsome. This is where I picked up the name of ?Drunken Tom?. I picked up work as a farrier and had several close shaves with horses that didn?t like me. I then decided to move from my home town of Brancaster, in the Norfolk County, to London. I had learned music during my younger days and I was able to put these skills to use as a strolling vagabond (or a busker as you would now call them). While in London I would often think about what my parents would think of me in my dishevelled state. This would lead me to become lonesome and I would delve deeper into my wicked ways as well as my drunkenness. I very rarely communicated with my parents as I was ashamed of what I had become and didn?t know how to stop it. One day while in the streets of Hackney, feeling lost and sorry for myself, I heard the pleasant sounds of singing. I had not heard such a cheerful and loving sounds since I stoped going to Sunday school. I followed the sound of the voices... ... at night, and God came very near as Mrs. Sutherland and myself spoke of His love. The devil raged and tried to upset us, but it proved an entire failure, so we got the victory through the blood. We are teaching a present salvation, and the captain, mate and sailors listen to us. Several of the passengers are very much interested in The Salvation Army. But above all, God is with us. We have some roughs on board, and they commence to play their games when we hold our meetings. But God says ?Go on!? and on we go. The journey would become a lot smoother as we headed into the southern summer and after 43 days of sea travel, on the 17th of February, we would finally reach our destination of Adelaide in South Australia. The temperature was well over 100 degrees when we arrived, but that wasn?t going to stop us from commencing the Lords work in this vast land.

7 Wonders of the World

7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD AIM: Is to apprise the house about 7 Wonders of The World. SEQUENCE: * History * Seven Wonders of the Ancient World * New Seven Wonders of the World * Ongoing Seven wonders of the Nature * Recapitulation * Conclusion HISTORY: The origin of the idea of Seven Wonders of the World dates back to Herodotus (484 BC – 425 BC) and Callimachus (305 BC – 240 BC), who made lists which included 7 famous place of ancient world, and from there the Idea of 7 wonders started. Only the Great Pyramid of Giza is still standing of those ancient wonders.The other six were destroyed by earthquake, fire, or other causes. New Seven Wonders of the World is a project that attempts to revive the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a list of modern wonders. A popularity poll was being led by Canadian-Swiss Bernard Weber and organized by the Swiss-based, controlled by New7Wonders Foundation, with winners announced on July 7, 2007 in Lisbon, Portugal. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Great Pyramid of Giza: * The Great Pyramid of Giza Built 2560 BC. * The  Great Pyramid of Giza  is the oldest and largest of the three  pyramids  in the  Giza.This is the only one of the  Seven Wonders of the Ancient World  that survives in the world. *   It is believed the pyramid was built as a tomb for  Fourth dynasty  Egyptian  Pharaoh Khufu and constructed over a 20 year period concluding around 2540 BC. * The Great Pyramid was the  tallest man-made structure  in the world for over 3,800 years. * Originally the Great Pyramid was covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface. * The Great Pyramid of Giza is the main part of a complex setting of buildings that included two  mortuary temples  in honor of Khufu (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile).Hanging Gardens of Babylon * The  Hanging Gardens of  Babylon are considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. They were built by the Chal dean  king  Nebuchadnezzar II  around 600 BC. * He is reported to have constructed the gardens to please his sick wife, who longed for the trees and fragrant plants of her homeland  Persia. * The lush Hanging Gardens are extensively documented by  Greek  historians  such as  Strabo  and  Diodorus Siculus. Through the ages, the location may have been confused with gardens that existed at  Nimrud. The gardens were destroyed by several earthquakes after the 2nd century BC. Statue of Zeus at Olympia * The  Statue of Zeus at Olympia  was made by the Greek sculptor  Phidias, circa 432 BC on the site where it was erected in the  Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece. *It was considered to be one of the  Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. * For six hundred years after the death of the sculptor, people from all over the civilized world travelled to view it as it was thought to be a misfortune to die without seeing this work. The seated statue, some 12 meters (39 fe et) tall, occupied the whole width of the aisle of the temple built to house it. â€Å"It seems that if  Zeus  were to stand up,† the geographer  Strabo  noted early in the first century BC, â€Å"he would unroofed the temple. â€Å" Temple of Artemis * The  Temple of Artemis  also known less precisely as  Temple of  Diana, was a  temple dedicated to  Artemis  completed in its most famous phase around 550 BC at  Ephesus  (in present-day  Turkey). * Here were previous temples on its site, where evidence of a sanctuary dates as early as the  Bronze Age. The whole temple was made of marble except for the roof. The Temple of Artemis was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 50  km south from a modern port city of  Turkey.Today the site lies on the edge of the modern town of  Selcuk. * The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was destroyed on July 21, 356 BC in an act of arson committed by  Hero stratus. According to the story, his motivat ion was fame at any cost, thus the term  herostratic fame. * A man was found to plan the burning of the temple of Ephesian Diana so that through the destruction of this most beautiful building his name might be spread through the whole world. The temple was restored after Alexander's death, in 323 BC. * This reconstruction was itself destroyed during a war  in 262. * The Ephesians rebuilt the temple again. * In 401, the temple in its last version was finally destroyed by a mob led by St. John Chrysostom,  and the stones were used in construction of other buildingsMausoleum of Halicarnassus * The  Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a  tomb  built between 353 and 350 BC in Turkey for  Mausolus, a  satrap  in the  Persian Empire, and  Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister. It stood approximately 45 meters (135 ft) in height, and each of the four sides was adorned with  sculptural  reliefs  created by each one of four Greek sculptors  . * The beauty of the Mausoleum was not only in the structure itself, but in the decorations and statues that adorned the outside at different levels on the podium and the roof: statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals in varying scales. The four Greek sculptors who carved the statues were each responsible for one side. * The Mausoleum overlooked the city of Halicarnassus for many years.It was untouched when the city fell to Alexander III of Macedon in 334 BC and still undamaged after attacks by  pirates  in 62 and 58 BC. It stood above the city's ruins for sixteen centuries. Then a series of earthquakes shattered the columns and sent the bronze chariot crashing to the ground. By 1404 AD only the very base of the Mausoleum was still recognizable. Lighthouse of Alexandria * The  Lighthouse of Alexandria  was a tower built in the 3rd century BC (between 285 and 247 BC) on the  island  of Pharos in  Alexandria. With a height variously estimated at between 115 and 135  m (380 and 440  ft) it was identified as one of the  Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. * The lighthouse was completed in the 3rd century BC. * Alexander died unexpectedly at age 32, Ptolemy Soter (Saviour, named so by the inhabitants of Rhodes) made himself king in 305 BC and ordered the construction of the Pharos shortly thereafter. The building was finished during the reign of his son. * The two  earthquakes  in 1303 and 1323 damaged the lighthouse to the extent that the Arab traveler  Ibn Battuta  reported no longer being able to enter the ruin.Even the stubby remnant disappeared in 1480. Colossus of Rhodes * The  Colossus of Rhodes  was a  statue  of the Greek god  Helios, erected in the city of  Rhodes  on the  Greek  island of  Rhodes  by  Chares of Lindros  between 292 and 280 BC. It is considered one of the  Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Before its destruction, the Colossus of Rhodes stood over 30 meters (107  ft) high, making it one of the tallest statues of the ancient world. * The structure as being built with  iron  tie bars to which brass plates were fixed to form the skin.The interior of the structure, which stood on a 15-meter- (50-foot-) high white  marble  pedestal  near the harbor entrance, The statue itself was over 30 meters (107 ft) tall. Much of the iron . * The statue stood for only 56 years until Rhodes was hit by the  226 BC Rhodes earthquake, when significant damage was also done to large portions of the city, including the harbor and commercial buildings, which were destroyed. * The remains lay on the ground as described by  Strabo(  Greek  historian) for over 800 years, and even broken, they were so impressive that many traveled to see them. In 654, an Arab force captured Rhodes, the remains were sold to a Jewish merchant, The buyer had the statue broken down, and transported the bronze scrap on the backs of 900 camels to his home.There is compelling evidence, however, that al l traces of the Colossus had actually disappeared long before the Arab invasion. New Seven Wonders of the World Taj Mahal * The  Taj Mahal   is a  monument  located in  Agra, India, built by Mughal  Emperor  Shah Jahan  in memory of his wife,  Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is considered the finest example of  Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian,  Indian, and  Islamic  architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a  UNESCO  World Heritage Site. * In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the  Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, died during the birth of their fourteenth child. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632, one year after her death. The principal construction was completed in 1648. * BY the late 19th century, parts of the buildings had fallen badly into isrepair. During the time of the  Indian rebellion of 1857, It also damaged during British per iod, At the end of the 19th century,  Lord Curzon  ordered a massive restoration project, which was completed in 1908. Great Wall of China * The  Great Wall of China  is a series of stone and earthen  fortifications  in northern  China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the  Chinese Empire  from  attacks during various  successive dynasties. Since the 5th century BC, several walls have been built that were referred to as the Great Wall.One of the most famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first  Emperor of China. * Great Wall, with all of its branches, stretches for 8,851. 8  km (5,500. 3  mi). This is made up of 6,259. 6  km (3,889. 5  mi) of sections of actual wall, 359. 7  km (223. 5  mi) of trenches and 2,232. 5  km (1,387. 2  mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. * At present some portions north of Beijing and near tou rist centers have been preserved and even extensively renovated, in many locations the Wall is in disrepair.Many Parts have been destroyed because the Wall is in the way of construction. More than 60  kilometers (37  mi) of the wall in  Gansu  province may disappear in the next 20 years, due to erosion from  sandstorms. In places, the height of the wall has been reduced from more than five meters (16. 4  ft) to less than two meters. The square lookout towers that characterize the most famous images of the wall have disappeared completely. Many western sections of the wall are  constructed from mud, rather than brick and stone, and thus become more harmful for the building.Roman Coliseum * Roman Coliseum in the center of the city of  Rome,  Italy, the largest ever built in the  Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of  Roman architecture. its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor  Vespasian  and was completed in 80 AD. * Constru ction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor  Vespasian  in around 70–72AD. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Hills, By the 2nd century BC. * In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged y a major fire (caused by lightning) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240, again possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; and again constructed in 484 and 508. * Severe damage was inflicted on the Colosseum by the great earthquake in 1349, also country caused sevear damage by the earthquake. * Much of the tumbled stone was reused to build palaces, churches, hospitals and other buildings elsewhere in Rome. * But again at 19th centaury Roman rebuilt it. The Colosseum is today one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions, receiving millions of visitors annually. * On July 7, 2007, the Colosseum was voted as one of New Open World Corporation's  New Seven Wonders of the World. Petra * Petra  meaning  rock Its in  Jordan, lying on the slope of  Mount  in a  basin  among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah , the large valley running from the  Dead Sea  to the  Gulf of Aqaba. * Petra is also one of the  New Seven Wonders of the World. The constructed it as their capital city around 100 BC. The site suffers from a host of threats, including collapse of ancient structures, erosion due to flooding and improper rainwater drainage, weathering from salt upwelling, improper restoration of ancient structures, and unsustainable tourism. The latter has increased substantially ever since the site was named one of the  New Seven Wonders of the World  in 2007 Machu Picchu * Machu Picchu  located 2,430  meters (8,000  ft) above sea level. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the  Urubamba Valley  in  Peru, Often referred to as â€Å"The Lost City of the Incas†, Machu Picchu is one of the most familiar symbols of the  Inca Empire. The Incas started building it around AD 1430. * Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO  World Heritage Site  in 1983. * Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished  dry-stone walls. Its primary buildings are the  Intihuatana, the  Temple of the Sun, and the  Room of the Three Windows. These are located in what is known by archaeologists as the  Sacred District  of Machu Picchu. * Machu Picchu was constructed around 1462, at the height of the Inca Empire.It is likely that most of its inhabitants were wiped out by smallpox  before the  Spanish  conquistadores  arrived in the area, and there is no record of the Spanish having known of the remote city. * An area of 325. 92 square kilometers surrounding Machu Picchu was declared a â€Å"Historical Sanctuary† of Peru in 1971. In addition to the ruins, this sanctuary area includes a large p ortion of adjoining region, rich with  flora  and  fauna. * Machu Picchu was designated as a  World Heritage Site  in 1983 when it was described as â€Å"an absolute masterpiece of architecture and a unique testimony to the Inca civilization† Christ the Redeemer Christ the Redeemer  is a  statue  of  Jesus Christ  in  Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil; considered the largest  art deco (Art Deco  was a popular international art design movement from 1925 until the 1940s)  statue in the world. The statue stands 39. 6  meters (130  ft) tall, including its 9. 5 meter (31 ft) pedestal, and 30  meters (98  ft) wide. It weighs 635 tons (700  short tons), and is located at the peak of the 700  meters (2,300  ft)  Corcovado  mountain. It is one of the tallest of its kind in the world. the statue has become an icon of Rio and Brazil. The idea for erecting a large statue atop Corcovado was first suggested in the mid 1850s, which financing from  Pri ncess Isabel  to build a large religious  monument. The second proposal for a large  landmark  statue on the mountain was made in 1921 by the Catholic Circle of Rio. The group organized an event called  Semana do Monumento  (â€Å"Monument Week†) to attract donations and collect signatures to support the building of the statue. The donations came mostly from  Brazilian Catholics. Chichen Itza *   Chichen Itza  is a large  pre-Columbian  archaeological site  built by the  Maya civilization  located in the northern center of the Mexico.Chichen Itza was a major regional focal point in the northern Maya lowlands from the  Late Classic  through the  Terminal Classic  and into the early portion of the  Early Postclassic  period. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, from what is called â€Å"Mexicanized† * Chichen Itza is maintained by Mexico’s  Ã‚  (National Institute of Anthropology and History, INAH). The l and under the monuments, however, is privately-owned by the Barbican family. * Some  ethnohistoric  sources claim that in about 987 a  Toltec  king   arrived here with his army from central Mexico made Chichen Itza his capital.The art and architecture from this period shows an interesting mix of Maya and Toltec styles. * Chichen Itza was a major economic power in the northern Maya lowlands. * It’s a largest tourist place in Mexico but Over the past several years, INAH, which manages the site, has been closing monuments to public access. While visitors can walk around them, they can no longer climb them or go inside their chambers. The most recent was El Castillo, which was closed after a San Diego, Calif. , woman fell to her death in 2006.